Officially endorsed by the Roman Catholic
Church around 1129, the Order became a favoured charity throughout Christendom and grew rapidly in membership and power. Templar knights, in their distinctive
white mantles with a red cross, were among the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades.5
Non-combatant members of the Order managed a large economic infrastructure throughout Christendom,6 innovating financial techniques that were an early form of banking,78 and building fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land.
The Templars' existence was tied closely to the Crusades; when the Holy Land was
lost, support for the Order
faded. Rumours about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created distrust, and
King Philip IV of
France, deeply in debt to the Order, took advantage of the situation. In 1307, many of the Order's members in France were arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake.9 Under pressure from
King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312. The abrupt disappearance of a major part of the European infrastructure gave rise to speculation and legends, which have kept the "Templar"
name alive into the modern day.
