Contraction and Expansion Thermodynamics

A theoretical framework extending classical thermodynamics to account for scenarios where energy and mass are not conserved—particularly in contexts of cosmic expansion, gravitational collapse, and far‑from‑equilibrium systems. It argues that in expanding spacetimes (like our universe), energy is not globally conserved because time‑translation symmetry breaks. In contracting systems (like matter falling into a black hole), mass‑energy can appear to increase or decrease depending on the frame of reference. This framework also applies to open biological and social systems that exchange energy with their environment, where “conservation” is local and temporary. Contraction and expansion thermodynamics challenges the absolutism of conservation laws, showing they are context‑dependent.

Example: “The cosmologist used contraction and expansion thermodynamics to explain why the universe’s total energy seemed to increase over time—in an expanding spacetime, conservation laws don’t hold globally, and what looks like creation is actually a change in the geometry of the system.”

Contraction and Expansion Thermodynamics by Dumu The Void March 30, 2026