A term in philosophy of science referring to sciences that deal with specific, higher-level domains (like psychology, economics, geology) which have their own irreducible laws and explanations, even though they are ultimately grounded in physics. They are "special" because their phenomena require their own vocabulary and causal stories.
Example: "Trying to explain an economic recession solely with quantum physics is a category error. You need the special science of economics, with its own rules about supply, demand, and investor psychology. The recession 'supervenes' on particles, but isn't explained by them."
by AbzuInExile January 31, 2026
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