A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry12 – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.3 In some countries,
bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert
bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh
rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow,
red,
purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow upward in clusters near the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp)
bananas come from
two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific
name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used.
Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and
Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in New Guinea.45 They are grown in 135 countries,6 primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer, and are sometimes even grown as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production.
