Skip to main content

The armed struggle

The armed struggle was the guerrilla and sabotage campaign against apartheid after peaceful resistance failed post-Sharpeville (1960). It ended with suspensions in the early 1990s as talks led to democracy.

- **Poqo / APLA**: PAC's armed wing. Poqo (1961, "pure" in Xhosa) launched aggressive attacks targeting whites, police, and perceived collaborators — often civilians — with little regard for loss of life. Renamed APLA (1968), it continued into the 1990s with "soft-target" operations (civilian whites, public places) seen as payback for colonial oppression. Critics called it indiscriminate; supporters viewed it as total war on the system.

- **uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK)**: ANC's military wing (1961). Focused mainly on government/infrastructure targets (power stations, railways, police stations) to avoid civilian casualties early on, though some ops caused unintended deaths. More strategic and multi-racial approach. Suspended 1990, fully disbanded December 1993.

Poqo/APLA's approach was uncompromising and accepted higher civilian tolls as part of revolutionary justice; MK aimed to limit civilian harm while hitting the apartheid state hard.
"Back in the day, the armed struggle was real — MK hit the power stations while Poqo and APLA went straight for the “soft targets”
by Plot Master March 17, 2026
mugGet the The armed struggle mug.

Share this definition

Sign in to vote

We'll email you a link to sign in instantly.

Or

Check your email

We sent a link to

Open your email