Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which job applicants are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers or prejudices or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.1 According to this often complex and contested concept,2 the intent is that the important jobs in an organization should go to the
people who are most qualified – persons most likely to perform ably in a given task – and not go to persons for reasons deemed arbitrary or
irrelevant, such as circumstances of birth, upbringing, having well-connected relatives or friends,3
religion, sex,4 ethnicity,4
race, caste,5 or involuntary personal attributes such as disability, age, gender identity, or sexual orientation.
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