Definitions by PEntity

PHEV 

A Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric motor and a rechargeable battery. PHEVs can be charged by plugging them into an external power source, allowing them to operate on electric power alone for a certain distance before the internal combustion engine kicks in.

There are three types of EVs. Some run exclusively on battery power, while others combine battery and gas power.

- Fully battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs or BEVs)
- Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)

PHEVs can be charged at home using a standard electrical outlet or at public charging stations, providing flexibility in how they are powered.

PHEV by PEntity March 17, 2025

HEV 

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric propulsion system. This combination allows HEVs to use both gasoline (or diesel) and electric power, improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions compared to traditional vehicles. Unlike Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), HEVs do not need to be plugged in to charge, as the battery is charged through regenerative braking and the internal combustion engine.

There are three types of EVs. Some run exclusively on battery power, while others combine battery and gas power.

- Fully battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs or BEVs)
- Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)

HEVs can operate in different modes, such as using the electric motor alone, the internal combustion engine alone, or a combination of both, depending on driving conditions and battery charge levels.

HEV by PEntity March 17, 2025

BEV 

A Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is a type of electric vehicle that runs solely on electricity stored in its battery, with no internal combustion engine. BEVs are known for producing zero emissions and are charged through external power sources like charging stations

There are three types of EVs. Some run exclusively on battery power, while others combine battery and gas power.

- Fully battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs or BEVs)
- Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)

Subaru has raised their global electrification sales target to be 50% BEVs by 2030.

BEV by PEntity March 17, 2025

JOLTS

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics developed the monthly Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) which produces data on job openings, hires, and separations.

These data serve as demand-side indicators of labor shortages at the national level. Prior to JOLTS, there was no economic indicator of the unmet demand for labor with which to assess the presence or extent of labor shortages in the United States. The availability of unfilled jobs—the job openings rate—is an important measure of the tightness of job markets, parallel to existing measures of unemployment.

The JOLTS survey covers all nonagricultural industries in the public and private sectors for the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

JOLTS collects data on Total Employment, Job Openings, Hires, Quits, Layoffs & Discharges, and Other Separations.

JOLTS by PEntity August 22, 2024

SMD LED 

Surface-Mounted Device (SMD) Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
SMD LEDs are the improved technology from the first generation DIP LED. SMD LEDs is a type of LED characterized by having a 3-in-1 encapsulation, meaning that it integrates all 3 colors (Red, Green, Blue) in a single system. The SMD type LEDs are mounted on an aluminum substrate and enveloped in an epoxy resin taking on a chip shape that can be mounted directly on the surface of PCBs or light strips easily.

SMD LEDs are the most common LEDs in the market nowadays. You can find it in light bulbs and string lights.

SMD LED by PEntity February 8, 2023

COB LED 

Chip On Board (COB) Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
COB LEDs are basically multiple LED chips (typically nine or more) bonded directly to a substrate by the manufacturer to form a single module. Since the individual LEDs used in a COB are chips and not traditionally packaged, the chips can be mounted such that they take up less space and the highest potential of the LED chips can be obtained. When the COB LED package is energized, it appears more like a lighting panel than multiple individual lights as would be the case when using several SMD (surface-mounted device) LEDs mounted closely together.

Being multi-chip packaged, the light emitting area of a COB LED can contain many times more light sources in the same area that standard LEDs could occupy resulting in a greatly increased lumen output per square inch.

COB LED by PEntity February 8, 2023

MDF 

Medium-Density fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product used in construction and woodworking as a substitute for plywood. MDF is manufactured by adding fine wood fibers of various types of wood to a defibrator. The fibers are combined, bound by wax and resin, then formed using high pressure and temperature to become a solid sheet of predetermined thickness that is capable of being cut into boards.

Compared with hardwood, MDF is lighter, the chemicals within repel termites, and it doesn’t warp much in humid weather. MDF is typically more dense than plywood. It is composed of separated fibers but can be utilized as a building material same in application to plywood. It is tougher and denser than particle board.

Note: while MDF is the abbreviation of 'Medium-Density fiberboard', it is also often referenced as "MDF board".

A greatly beneficial property of MDF is that it is a fire-resistant material. MDF does not burn easily, and when treated with fire-retardants, it becomes even more unlikely to catch fire.

The MDF board is most popularly used in house interior carpentry cabinetry work.

MDF board is raising some health concerns because it’s made with an adhesive containing urea-formaldehyde (or urea-methanal formaldehyde), which “off-gasses” into its surroundings.

MDF by PEntity November 12, 2022