The biological, technological, or cultural changes a terrestrial organism (especially humans) must undergo to survive and thrive in a permanently alien environment. This goes beyond wearing a spacesuit; it's the profound, often irreversible alteration required to call an alien world home. This could mean genetic engineering for higher radiation tolerance, surgical implants to process a different atmospheric mix, or radical societal shifts to live under a foreign sun. It’s the process of ceasing to be purely Earth-born to become something new.
Example: In Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy, the first colonists undergoing Alien Adaptation include surgical changes to their eyes for the dimmer light, taking drugs to thicken their blood for low pressure, and, over generations, selective breeding for those who can breathe the thin air—eventually leading to a new, Martian-adapted human species distinct from Earthlings.
by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 3, 2026
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