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Like other Jewish ethnic groups, the Ashkenazi originate from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah.
Jews left ancient Israel for several causes, including several push and pull factors. More Jews moved into these communities as a result of wars, persecution, and unrest.
In 63 BCE, the Siege of Jerusalem saw the Roman Republic conquer Judea, and thousands of Jewish prisoners of war were brought to Rome as slaves. After gaining their freedom, they settled permanently in Rome as traders. There was likely an additional influx of Jewish slaves taken to southern Europe by Roman forces after the capture of Jerusalem by the forces of Herod the Great with assistance from Roman forces in 37 BCE. It is known that Jewish war captives were sold into slavery after the suppression of a minor Jewish revolt in 53 BCE, and some were probably taken to southern Europe.
The Y chromosome of most Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews contains mutations that are common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population, according to a study of haplotypes of the Y chromosome by Michael Hammer, Harry Ostrer, and others, published in 2000. According to Hammer et al., this suggests that the paternal lineages of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East, which dispels an anti-semitic libel that Ashkenazi Jews are not real Jews because they have no connection to the Middle East.
Jews left ancient Israel for several causes, including several push and pull factors. More Jews moved into these communities as a result of wars, persecution, and unrest.
In 63 BCE, the Siege of Jerusalem saw the Roman Republic conquer Judea, and thousands of Jewish prisoners of war were brought to Rome as slaves. After gaining their freedom, they settled permanently in Rome as traders. There was likely an additional influx of Jewish slaves taken to southern Europe by Roman forces after the capture of Jerusalem by the forces of Herod the Great with assistance from Roman forces in 37 BCE. It is known that Jewish war captives were sold into slavery after the suppression of a minor Jewish revolt in 53 BCE, and some were probably taken to southern Europe.
The Y chromosome of most Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews contains mutations that are common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population, according to a study of haplotypes of the Y chromosome by Michael Hammer, Harry Ostrer, and others, published in 2000. According to Hammer et al., this suggests that the paternal lineages of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East, which dispels an anti-semitic libel that Ashkenazi Jews are not real Jews because they have no connection to the Middle East.
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