Law of Absolute and Relative Biases

The principle that bias operates in two modes: absolute bias (distortions that are always and everywhere problematic) and relative bias (perspectives that are problematic in some contexts but valuable in others). The law acknowledges that some biases are universally harmful—racism, sexism, any distortion that systematically harms based on irrelevant characteristics. Other biases are context-dependent—a researcher's commitment to a theory can bias their interpretation (bad) or drive productive inquiry (good). The law of absolute and relative biases reconciles the need to reduce harmful bias with the recognition that complete bias-freedom is impossible and that some "biases" are just perspectives.

Law of Absolute and Relative Biases Example: "He accused her of bias because she approached the topic from her cultural background. She invoked the law of absolute and relative biases: some biases are universally harmful (she wasn't expressing those), others are just perspective (her cultural lens was inevitable, not malicious). The question wasn't whether she had bias—everyone does—but whether her bias was distorting or merely situating."

by Abzugal February 16, 2026

Law of Absolute and Relative Secrets

The principle that secrecy operates in two modes: absolute secrets (information that is truly hidden, known to none or few) and relative secrets (information that is secret to some but known to others). The law acknowledges that some secrets are genuinely hidden—the location of buried treasure, the true identity of a spy. Other secrets are matters of access—what's secret to the public may be open to insiders, what's secret in one culture may be common knowledge in another. The law of absolute and relative secrets reconciles the reality of hidden information with the observation that secrecy is often about boundaries, not absence.

Law of Absolute and Relative Secrets Example: "They argued about whether the government had secrets. Absolute secrets: yes, some information is truly hidden. Relative secrets: much of what's called 'secret' is just inaccessible to the public but known to many insiders. The law of absolute and relative secrets said: both true. The question wasn't whether secrets exist but who they're secret from and why."

by Abzugal February 16, 2026

Law of Absolute and Relative Evidence

The principle that evidence operates in two modes: absolute evidence (facts that are evidence regardless of perspective, context, or interpretation) and relative evidence (facts that serve as evidence only within particular frameworks, for particular purposes, to particular audiences). The law acknowledges that some evidence is universally compelling—a video of a crime, a DNA match, a document with a signature. Other evidence is context-dependent—statistics that prove one point to one audience and the opposite to another, testimony that's credible in one culture and suspect in another. The law of absolute and relative evidence reconciles the intuition that evidence should be objective with the reality that its force depends on who's judging. Good arguments use both kinds, building on undeniable facts while understanding that interpretation is always relative.

Example: "They argued about whether the data was evidence of climate change. Absolute evidence: the temperature readings were real, measurable, undeniable. Relative evidence: whether those readings proved catastrophic warming depended on models, interpretations, and assumptions. The law of absolute and relative evidence said: the data was absolute; its meaning was relative. They stopped arguing about the data and started arguing about interpretation."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026

Law of Absolute and Relative Facts

The principle that facts operate in two modes: absolute facts (statements that are true regardless of perspective, context, or interpretation) and relative facts (statements that are true within a framework but may not hold across frameworks). The law acknowledges that some facts are universal—the Earth orbits the Sun, water freezes at 0°C at sea level. Other facts are framework-dependent—"this is a crime" depends on legal systems, "this is valuable" depends on markets, "this is beautiful" depends on aesthetics. The law of absolute and relative facts reconciles the reality of objective facts with the observation that many facts are socially constructed. It's the foundation of clear thinking: knowing which facts are absolute and which are relative, and never confusing the two.

Law of Absolute and Relative Facts Example: "They debated whether the company's success was a fact. Absolute facts: revenue numbers were real, measurable, undeniable. Relative facts: whether that counted as 'success' depended on profit margins, market share, and what you valued. The law of absolute and relative facts said: the numbers were absolute; their interpretation was relative. They stopped arguing about facts and started arguing about values."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026

Law of Absolute and Relative Proofs

The principle that proofs operate in two modes: absolute proofs (demonstrations that establish truth beyond any reasonable doubt, in any framework) and relative proofs (demonstrations that establish truth within a particular system, for a particular audience, under particular assumptions). The law acknowledges that some proofs are universally compelling—mathematical proofs that follow from axioms, logical proofs that are valid in any system. Other proofs are context-dependent—legal proofs that meet standards of evidence, scientific proofs that satisfy peer review, everyday proofs that convince specific audiences. The law of absolute and relative proofs reconciles the ideal of proof as conclusive with the reality that proof is always for someone, somewhere, under some standards.

Example: "They argued about whether he'd proven his case. Absolute proofs: none—no mathematical demonstration, no logical necessity. Relative proofs: plenty—evidence that would convince a jury, arguments that would persuade a reader, data that would satisfy a reviewer. The law of absolute and relative proofs said: he'd proven it relatively, not absolutely. They agreed to disagree on whether that was enough."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026

Law of Absolute and Relative Truths

The principle that truths operate in two modes: absolute truths (statements that are true for everyone, everywhere, always) and relative truths (statements that are true within a context, for a particular observer, under specific conditions). The law acknowledges that some truths are universal—2+2=4, the laws of logic, the fact of existence. Other truths are perspective-dependent—"this room is cold," "this policy is fair," "this art is beautiful." The law of absolute and relative truths reconciles the human longing for certainty with the human experience of multiplicity. It's the foundation of intellectual humility: knowing what's absolutely true and what's relatively true, and never confusing the two.

Law of Absolute and Relative Truths Example: "They argued about whether the movie was good. He insisted it was objectively terrible (absolute truth). She said it was good for her (relative truth). The law of absolute and relative truths said they were both right—absolute truth about the movie's technical merits (which were measurable), relative truth about their enjoyment (which was personal). They agreed to disagree, which is what the law recommends."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026

Law of Absolute and Relative Sciences

The principle that the sciences operate in two modes: absolute science (knowledge that would be valid for any rational being, anywhere, anytime) and relative science (knowledge that is valid within human frameworks, for human purposes, under human limitations). The law acknowledges that some scientific knowledge aspires to universality—the laws of physics, the structure of DNA, the composition of stars. Other scientific knowledge is context-dependent—medical knowledge that applies to some populations but not others, ecological knowledge that varies by region, social science knowledge that reflects particular cultures. The law of absolute and relative sciences reconciles the ambition of science to discover universal truths with the reality that all science is done by humans, in history, with limits.

Law of Absolute and Relative Sciences Example: "She studied the law of absolute and relative sciences while working in global health. Some knowledge was absolute—the biology of disease, the chemistry of drugs. Other knowledge was relative—what interventions worked depended on culture, infrastructure, beliefs. The absolute science told her what could work; the relative science told her what would work here."

by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 16, 2026