1. A
mid-19th century fairy-tale by author Karl Marx that builds on the earlier fairy-tale of
Socialism, and describes a society in which industries are motivated as effectively by the mystical concept entitled the "public good" as they are in the real world by the evolutionary principle of personal gain with no oversight to define the "public good" and no need for merits or reprimands.
2. An extreme form of collectivism in which
everything is produced and distributed collectively and no attention is given to the need to decide what should be produced and in what quantities in any effective
way, much less to the need to motivate anyone to actually produce it.
None. Communism does not exist. It is impossible. There are no historical examples. "Communist" countries like the USSR and China operate a system of brutal totalitarian
Socialism, and openly admit that they "operate a Socialist system that
will according to them eventually evolve into Communism". Communes and
co-operatives that work within larger systems are NOT examples - these are private companies that are owned by their employees. They have a larger market to respond to in order to know what to produce, are profit-
based, and have a system for firing free-loaders.