1. One of two citizens under the Constitution of the United States. The other is a citizen of the United States. (Slaughterhouse Cases: 83 U.S. 36, at p. 74 and p. 75 1873)
2. A corporation is not a 'citizen' within Const. U. S. art. 4, §2, providing that the “citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several states,” nor within the Fourteenth Amendment, §1. providing that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside, and that no state shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.”
2a. "Section 1770b has been several times considered by this court, and upheld to the full extent of its terms. It is enacted under the undoubted power of every state to impose conditions in absolute discretion upon granting the privilege of doing business in this state to any foreign corporation. Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. (U. S.) 168, 19 L. Ed. 357; Chicago T. & T. Co. v. Bashford, 120 Wis. 281, 97 N. W. 940. That power is not restrained by section 2, art. 4, of the federal Constitution, providing that the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several states, nor by section 1, Amend. 14, to that Constitution, providing that no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, because foreign corporations are not citizens. Paul v. Virginia, supra; Chicago T. & T. Co. v. Bashford, supra." Loverin & Browne Company v. Travis: 115 N.W. 829, 831 (1908)
2b. "It bas been repeatedly held, by the supreme court of the United States, that corporations were not citizens of the several states in such sense as to bring them within the protection of that clause in the constitution of the United States (section 2, article IV), which declares that ‘the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several states;’ Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 13 Peters, 586; Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wallace, 177.
Are corporations citizens of the United States within the meaning of the constitutional provision now under consideration? It is claimed in argument that, before the adoption of the 14th amendment, to be a citizen of the United States, it was necessary to become a citizen of one of the states, but that since the 14th amendment this is reversed, and that citizenship in a state is the result and consequence of the condition of citizenship of the United States.
Admitting this view to be correct, we do not see its bearing upon the question in issue. Who are citizens of the United States, within the meaning of the 14th amendment, we think is clearly settled by the terms of the amendment itself. ‘All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.’ No words could make it clearer that citizens of the United States, within the meaning of this article, must be natural, and not artificial persons; for a corporation cannot be said to be born, nor can it be naturalized. I am clear, therefore, that a corporate body is not a citizen of the United States as that term is used in the 14th amendment." The Insurance Company v. The City of New Orleans: 1 5th. Jud. Cir. 85, 86 thru 88 (1870).
2c. “But in no case which has come under our observation, either in the State or Federal courts, has a corporation been considered a citizen within the meaning of that provision of the Constitution which declares that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several States.” Paul v. State of Virginia: 75 U.S. 168, 178 (1868).
3. Privileges and immunities of a citizen of the several states are provided for in Corfield v. Coryell, decided by Mr. Justice Washington in the Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania in 1823. Hodges v. United States: 203 U.S. 1, at p. 15 (1906).
2. A corporation is not a 'citizen' within Const. U. S. art. 4, §2, providing that the “citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several states,” nor within the Fourteenth Amendment, §1. providing that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside, and that no state shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.”
2a. "Section 1770b has been several times considered by this court, and upheld to the full extent of its terms. It is enacted under the undoubted power of every state to impose conditions in absolute discretion upon granting the privilege of doing business in this state to any foreign corporation. Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. (U. S.) 168, 19 L. Ed. 357; Chicago T. & T. Co. v. Bashford, 120 Wis. 281, 97 N. W. 940. That power is not restrained by section 2, art. 4, of the federal Constitution, providing that the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several states, nor by section 1, Amend. 14, to that Constitution, providing that no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, because foreign corporations are not citizens. Paul v. Virginia, supra; Chicago T. & T. Co. v. Bashford, supra." Loverin & Browne Company v. Travis: 115 N.W. 829, 831 (1908)
2b. "It bas been repeatedly held, by the supreme court of the United States, that corporations were not citizens of the several states in such sense as to bring them within the protection of that clause in the constitution of the United States (section 2, article IV), which declares that ‘the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several states;’ Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 13 Peters, 586; Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wallace, 177.
Are corporations citizens of the United States within the meaning of the constitutional provision now under consideration? It is claimed in argument that, before the adoption of the 14th amendment, to be a citizen of the United States, it was necessary to become a citizen of one of the states, but that since the 14th amendment this is reversed, and that citizenship in a state is the result and consequence of the condition of citizenship of the United States.
Admitting this view to be correct, we do not see its bearing upon the question in issue. Who are citizens of the United States, within the meaning of the 14th amendment, we think is clearly settled by the terms of the amendment itself. ‘All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.’ No words could make it clearer that citizens of the United States, within the meaning of this article, must be natural, and not artificial persons; for a corporation cannot be said to be born, nor can it be naturalized. I am clear, therefore, that a corporate body is not a citizen of the United States as that term is used in the 14th amendment." The Insurance Company v. The City of New Orleans: 1 5th. Jud. Cir. 85, 86 thru 88 (1870).
2c. “But in no case which has come under our observation, either in the State or Federal courts, has a corporation been considered a citizen within the meaning of that provision of the Constitution which declares that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens OF the several States.” Paul v. State of Virginia: 75 U.S. 168, 178 (1868).
3. Privileges and immunities of a citizen of the several states are provided for in Corfield v. Coryell, decided by Mr. Justice Washington in the Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania in 1823. Hodges v. United States: 203 U.S. 1, at p. 15 (1906).
by Big Generator September 19, 2009
Get the citizen of the several states mug.The warming platform or area on the CTA (chicago transit authority) 'L' train, specifically the Addison Red Line stop. Operates from November to March. Need to push button every 5 mins to activate it.
by jimmytag69 March 15, 2011
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converted from a member of a crime partnership into informant or witness, expose afore presumed secrets to government officials; trick-off, dime, rat-out, whistled, snitch
by jinbou October 3, 2007
Get the turned states mug.When the actions of the USA and the people within it, are so strange that it compares to a fictional country
by America is the bad place October 18, 2021
Get the United States Cinematic Universe mug.The future name of the combined North and South Korea after USA President Donald Trump has his morning covfefe.
Future Kindergarten Teacher: "A long long time ago, The United States of Korea was called 'North Korea and South Korea'."
by Kahdlibber October 14, 2017
Get the United States of Korea mug.A “Stage Shark” is a person attending a concert that procrastinates & doesn’t get to the concert on time or early enough to get up by the stage because they are lazy or just not courteous of other concert goers, who have waited for hours in lines to get up front. The “Stage Shark” waits (unintentionally because they are too busy conversing & consuming alcohol & dicking off) until the main act, after they are trash drunk and tries to “swim” or aggressively push their way (like a pack of sharks) to the front of the stage by ANY means necessary including acting like complete douchebags trying to start fights; knocking other men, women & teens out of the way.
Once they start a frenzy they can’t be stopped! Their breath reeks of beer & they tend to be sloppy drunk; falling ALL OVER innocent bystanders other concert goers.
“Stage Sharks” don’t understand that alcohol is a drug because it is legal so they overindulge and tend to run in packs or groups which makes them feel more secure about themselves.
Once they start a frenzy they can’t be stopped! Their breath reeks of beer & they tend to be sloppy drunk; falling ALL OVER innocent bystanders other concert goers.
“Stage Sharks” don’t understand that alcohol is a drug because it is legal so they overindulge and tend to run in packs or groups which makes them feel more secure about themselves.
Candy look out! The “Stage Sharks” are out in FULL force tonight & even though I got here early & waited patiently to see my favorite band, one of them knocked me down and several others to get to the front stage! What assholes!
Hey guys, I’m going to see the new rock band in town; better watch out for the “Stage Sharks” who try to ruin everyone’s night...
Look at that “Stage Shark” picking on that girl who’s trying to watch the show! What a loser!
Hey guys, I’m going to see the new rock band in town; better watch out for the “Stage Sharks” who try to ruin everyone’s night...
Look at that “Stage Shark” picking on that girl who’s trying to watch the show! What a loser!
by WickedHellamean November 6, 2018
Get the Stage Shark mug.Suburban areas where the predominance of malls and chain stores have so homogenized the landscape that there are few remaining external clues where you are. The result of spending any length of time in such areas is a "generic" experience of America, i.e., an experience that is identical whether you are in Texas, Massachusetts, Ohio, or California. May also include extensive housing developments characterized by tract housing or, worse, McMansions.
Every "mom-and-pop" shop that had given the area its charm and character had been replaced by a Walmart, a Payless, a McDonalds, or a Starbucks -- transforming what was once a delightful town into just another corner of the United States of Generica.
by Thomas L. Robinson September 11, 2008
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