by cyclopentane September 26, 2022
by cyclopentane August 09, 2023
A term used to refer to black cats. Probably comes from the fact that in some lower quality pictures, black cats appear to be pitch black.
by cyclopentane August 08, 2022
The fast growing hierarchy (shortened to FGH) is a method of defining large numbers. It takes in two inputs.
We define f(0,n) = n+1. For example: f(0,3) = 4. Next step is iteration. f(1,n) is f(0,f(0...f(0,n)...)) where f(0,...) is iterated n times. For example, f(1,2) = f(0,f(0,2)) = 4. Same rules for f(m,n).
Now let's define what ordinals are. Very simplified, they're a kind of infinity.
Consider this: |||....|
This has infinite sticks, but there's a 1st stick, 2nd stick... the last stick is the ωth stick. You can have ω+1, ω+2, ω+3 etc too. For our purposes, a limit ordinal is an ordinal that has no finite part at the end (so ω+3 is not a limit ordinal but ω×3 is.).
So how can we use this within FGH? We need to define a fundamental sequence (FS). An FS is the steps we take to reach a new limit ordinal. So the FS for ω is 0,1,2... and for ω×2 it's ω,ω+1,ω+2...
We can write this as: ωn = n, ω×2n = ω+n, ω^2n = ω×n and so on. There are more ordinals, but it'll do for our purposes.
This is not the only system for an FS. There's more, but I cannot fit it in an entry.
Now consider an ordinal α. Now FGH can be defined concretely:
for f(α,n):
if α is 0, it is n+1.
if α is not a limit ordinal, it is f(α-1,f(α-1...f(α-1,n)...)) where f(α-1,...) is iterated n times.
if α is a limit ordinal, it is f(αn,n).
Let's do an example: f(ω,3) = f(3,3) = f(2,f(2,f(2,3))). I know that f(2,n) = n×2^n, so it's 1.804356 × 10^15151336, which is HUGE! Imagine how large f(ω,10) is.
We define f(0,n) = n+1. For example: f(0,3) = 4. Next step is iteration. f(1,n) is f(0,f(0...f(0,n)...)) where f(0,...) is iterated n times. For example, f(1,2) = f(0,f(0,2)) = 4. Same rules for f(m,n).
Now let's define what ordinals are. Very simplified, they're a kind of infinity.
Consider this: |||....|
This has infinite sticks, but there's a 1st stick, 2nd stick... the last stick is the ωth stick. You can have ω+1, ω+2, ω+3 etc too. For our purposes, a limit ordinal is an ordinal that has no finite part at the end (so ω+3 is not a limit ordinal but ω×3 is.).
So how can we use this within FGH? We need to define a fundamental sequence (FS). An FS is the steps we take to reach a new limit ordinal. So the FS for ω is 0,1,2... and for ω×2 it's ω,ω+1,ω+2...
We can write this as: ωn = n, ω×2n = ω+n, ω^2n = ω×n and so on. There are more ordinals, but it'll do for our purposes.
This is not the only system for an FS. There's more, but I cannot fit it in an entry.
Now consider an ordinal α. Now FGH can be defined concretely:
for f(α,n):
if α is 0, it is n+1.
if α is not a limit ordinal, it is f(α-1,f(α-1...f(α-1,n)...)) where f(α-1,...) is iterated n times.
if α is a limit ordinal, it is f(αn,n).
Let's do an example: f(ω,3) = f(3,3) = f(2,f(2,f(2,3))). I know that f(2,n) = n×2^n, so it's 1.804356 × 10^15151336, which is HUGE! Imagine how large f(ω,10) is.
by cyclopentane December 01, 2022
Someone which would usually be considered a typical nerd, but cannot be classified as one due to their power and social dominance.
Petro just beat the crap out of the newcomers for talking shit about him, then he just continued to do his calculus like nothing happened, total Ischinerd, wouldn't mess with him.
by cyclopentane June 18, 2022
A man who is so much chad, that not even SI (International System of Units) denominators can describe him, so we had to come up with a denominator of our own.
by cyclopentane August 08, 2022