Definitions by Dumu The Void
Commune-Based Democracy
Essentially synonymous with Communal Democracy, emphasizing the commune as the foundational cell. The term often carries a stronger connotation of the commune being an integrated social and economic unit, not just a political one, practicing collective ownership and mutual aid internally.
Example: The theoretical vision of Murray Bookchin’s Communalism or Libertarian Municipalism advocates for a Commune-Based Democracy. Neighborhood assemblies would form the base, federating into confederations to manage regional affairs, replacing the state with a networked system of directly democratic, ecological communes.
Commune-Based Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026
Community-Based Democracy
An umbrella term for democratic models that root political legitimacy and decision-making processes in pre-existing or intentionally formed communities, defined by geography, ethnicity, workplace, or shared interest. The community, not the abstract individual citizen, is the primary political actor. This approach often emphasizes consensus-building and cultural traditions over majoritarian voting.
Example: Many Indigenous governance systems, such as the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy’s Grand Council, operate on principles of Community-Based Democracy. Representatives (sachems) from each clan and nation deliberate with a mandate from their community, aiming for consensus in a system deeply tied to cultural and spiritual practices.
Community-Based Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026
Assembly Democracy
A model of direct democracy where the sovereign body is the popular assembly—a mass meeting of all citizens in a polity. It’s only feasible for small populations (like a town or a large organization). Decisions are made by majority vote after open debate. It is the purest, most ancient form of democracy, but scales poorly, leading to the use of elected representatives in larger societies.
Example: The New England Town Meeting, where all eligible voters in a town gather annually to debate and vote directly on the budget, laws, and local officials, is a living (though often declining) example of Assembly Democracy in a modern, albeit limited, context.
Assembly Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026
Communal Democracy
A system where the central political and economic unit is the commune—a self-governing community that collectively manages its resources and social life. Communes federate with each other for larger projects. This model is deeply associated with anarchist and utopian socialist thought, envisioning a confederation of autonomous, directly democratic communities replacing the nation-state.
Example: The Paris Commune of 1871, though brief, was the iconic attempt at Communal Democracy. Paris was reorganized into a federation of wards, each with its own assembly, recallable delegates, and integrated military and administrative functions, aiming to create a decentralized republic of communes across France.
Communal Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026
Local Democracy
A principle advocating for the devolution of political and fiscal power to the most local level of government possible (cities, towns, counties). The argument, known as subsidiarity, is that decisions are more accountable, responsive, and innovative when made close to those affected. It can exist within both capitalist and socialist frameworks and is often a rallying cry against centralized state or corporate control.
Example: The Participatory Budgeting process in Porto Alegre, Brazil, where city residents directly decide how to allocate a portion of the municipal budget, is a celebrated innovation in Local Democracy. It shifts power from city hall technocrats to community assemblies in neighborhoods.
Local Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026
Neighborhood Democracy
A hyper-local model where the primary unit of political power is the neighborhood or block. Residents in a small, geographically bounded area meet in regular assemblies to make decisions on local issues (parks, traffic, zoning) and elect recallable delegates for city-wide coordination. It’s a building block for municipalist movements, aiming to reclaim the city street-by-street from impersonal bureaucracy and developer capital.
Example: The Zapatista communities in Chiapas, Mexico, organize their governance around autonomous municipalities where villages (neighborhoods in a rural sense) hold assemblies to make decisions. While part of a larger revolutionary structure, this foundation in direct, local decision-making is a form of Neighborhood Democracy.
Neighborhood Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026
Communist Democracy
The theoretical end-goal of Marxist thought: a stateless, classless society where true, direct democracy flourishes because the coercive apparatus of the state has "withered away." Administration of things would replace government over people, with decisions made by free associations of producers. No large-scale society has ever achieved this; it remains a utopian ideal. References to it in existing states are usually considered propaganda to legitimize authoritarian party rule.
Example: In the sci-fi culture of Iain M. Banks' The Culture, a post-scarcity anarchist society managed by benevolent AIs, you see a fictional approximation of Communist Democracy. There is no state, money, or hierarchy, and decisions are made through continuous, nuanced plebiscites and AI mediation—a vision of direct democracy made possible by abundance and technology.
Communist Democracy by Dumu The Void February 5, 2026