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Studies of Empiricism

A critical field that examines the history, philosophy, and practice of empiricism—the claim that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience. Studies of empiricism show that “experience” itself is theory‑laden, that observation is never pure, and that empiricism as an ideology has been used to dismiss non‑Western knowledge systems. They trace how empiricism became the dominant epistemology of the modern West and explore its limits.
Example: “Studies of empiricism revealed that what counted as ‘empirical evidence’ in 19th‑century anthropology was often racist caricature dressed in measurement—the method was used to naturalize hierarchy.”
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