Economic problem faced by LDCs. The problem occurs when the country tries to stimulate FDI by establishing a hard peg of its currency to that of another country (usually the US dollar). Initially, the plan may work very well, but then, as capital flows in, growth prospects deteriorate rapidly because the local currency is so strong its exports are not competitive. The country's growth slows down, and external debt soars. The government is stuck trying to defend the currency on international markets, a battle it is nearly always doomed to loose.
Term was coined by De la Torre, Levy Yeyati, and Schmukler in "Living and Dying with Hard Pegs: The Rise and Fall of Argentina’s Currency Board," *Economia*, Spring, pp. 43-107
Term was coined by De la Torre, Levy Yeyati, and Schmukler in "Living and Dying with Hard Pegs: The Rise and Fall of Argentina’s Currency Board," *Economia*, Spring, pp. 43-107
Right from the beginning of the De la Rúa administration (which assumed power in December 1999), the Argentine economy was caught in a CGD trap. The currency was overvalued, growth was faltering, and the debt was hard to service.
by abu yahya June 24, 2008
(FINANCE) department of a securities firm that specializes in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a type of short-term loan in which a borrower sells a security (like a share of stock) and agrees to buy the same security back in a few days.
From the point of view of the counterparty buying/re-selling the stock, this deal is known as a reverse-repo. Reverse-repos are useful to brokerages because they allow the brokerage to short the stock.
From the point of view of the counterparty buying/re-selling the stock, this deal is known as a reverse-repo. Reverse-repos are useful to brokerages because they allow the brokerage to short the stock.
Through a repo desk, the bank can finance short-term borrowings on behalf of itself and its clients. The repo desk makes money by charging interest on typically very short term loans - 1 to 5 days.
by Abu Yahya September 27, 2010
(ECONOMICS) the capital that a business sells in order to make money. The obvious example is the inventory of a convenience store; in this case, the circulating capital is the merchandise, and the fixed capital includes the cash register, the display racks, and so on.
In other cases, the circulating capital consists of raw materials or supplies; for example, a mechanic has transmission fluid or air filters, while a dress maker has muslin and thread.
In other cases, the circulating capital consists of raw materials or supplies; for example, a mechanic has transmission fluid or air filters, while a dress maker has muslin and thread.
An entrepreneur makes money by hanging onto fixed capital as long as possible, and getting rid of circulating capital as fast as possible.
by Abu Yahya May 04, 2010
in economics, the net income from assets that are owned by foreigners. The citizens of a country will own assets that are physically located overseas (for example, real estate in another country, shares of foreign stock, or even labor performed while an expatriate), and those assets earn income. At the same time, foreigners likewise earn income on assets located in ones' own country.
If domestically-owned assets located abroad earn more income than domestic assets owned by foreigners, then there will be a net flow of income from overseas. This is a collateral benefit to running a trade surplus, especially over several years.
An example might be the United Kingdom (UK) during the 19th century. Prior to the 1880's, the UK exported far more than it imported. With the foreign money, it bought assets in the economies of other countries, such as the USA, Continental Europe, and the future Commonwealth of Nations. These assets naturally earned a lot of income, as they accumulated over many decades. The income from these assets was so large that, after the 1880's, the UK ran a trade deficit but still had a current account surplus.
In the case of the UK, the current account surplus from the NFFI was still large enough that the UK could continue to buy foreign assets that earned income, even as its trade deficit grew during the early 20th century.
If domestically-owned assets located abroad earn more income than domestic assets owned by foreigners, then there will be a net flow of income from overseas. This is a collateral benefit to running a trade surplus, especially over several years.
An example might be the United Kingdom (UK) during the 19th century. Prior to the 1880's, the UK exported far more than it imported. With the foreign money, it bought assets in the economies of other countries, such as the USA, Continental Europe, and the future Commonwealth of Nations. These assets naturally earned a lot of income, as they accumulated over many decades. The income from these assets was so large that, after the 1880's, the UK ran a trade deficit but still had a current account surplus.
In the case of the UK, the current account surplus from the NFFI was still large enough that the UK could continue to buy foreign assets that earned income, even as its trade deficit grew during the early 20th century.
by Abu Yahya February 14, 2009
(FINANCE) business entity formed to pool money provided by investors in order to buy majority stakes in existing companies. A common practice is to then "take the company private," so that it no longer has shares trading on the stock market. The company is then restructured, so that it has entirely different management practices, or a different business strategy. Afterward, the PE fund will most likely re-sell the company on the stock market in a sponsored IPO.
Private equity funds are usually limited liability partnerships (LLPs), which gives them special privileges of nondisclosure; most are organized in the State of Delaware. PEF's have sponsors, or "principals," who are responsible for organizing the fund and recruiting other investors.
Among the best-known PE funds are Blackstone Group*, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR)*, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners*, Carlyle Group, Permira, Apollo Management, Providence Equity, TPG Capital, Warburg Pincus, and Cerberus. Companies marked with an asterisk (*) are publically listed corporations; most PE funds are pivately managed. The selection above includes the largest ones by capital under management.
Private equity funds are usually limited liability partnerships (LLPs), which gives them special privileges of nondisclosure; most are organized in the State of Delaware. PEF's have sponsors, or "principals," who are responsible for organizing the fund and recruiting other investors.
Among the best-known PE funds are Blackstone Group*, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR)*, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners*, Carlyle Group, Permira, Apollo Management, Providence Equity, TPG Capital, Warburg Pincus, and Cerberus. Companies marked with an asterisk (*) are publically listed corporations; most PE funds are pivately managed. The selection above includes the largest ones by capital under management.
The private equity fund first appeared in the 1970's as a result of changes to ERISA. Institutional investors, usually pension funds, could be legal partners in an LLP; they also required a place to park assets with very high rates of return.
In the USA, PE funds have long been sinecures for the most powerful political dynasties: the Rockefellers, the Romneys, the Bushes, and others.
In the USA, PE funds have long been sinecures for the most powerful political dynasties: the Rockefellers, the Romneys, the Bushes, and others.
by Abu Yahya September 01, 2010
(ECONOMICS) economies in which consumption by the very rich is what drives most growth: Bulgari watches, Maybach limousines, Gulfstream V business jets, vacations in the Maldives, Dolce & Gabbana suits, private security services, money laundering, and income tax evasion.
Initially coined by analysts at Citigroup in 2005 to describe the growth of the Usonian economy during that period despite horrible economic fundamentals. Later used by Naomi Klein in her essential work, *The Shock Doctrine*.
Initially coined by analysts at Citigroup in 2005 to describe the growth of the Usonian economy during that period despite horrible economic fundamentals. Later used by Naomi Klein in her essential work, *The Shock Doctrine*.
The US., UK, and Canada are the key Plutonomies - economies powered by the wealthy. Continental Europe (excluding Italy) and Japan are in the egalitarian bloc.
- Equity risk premium embedded in "global imbalances" are unwarranted.
In plutonomies the rich absorb a disproportionate chunk of the economy and have a massive impact on reported aggregate numbers like savings rates, current account deficits, consumption levels, etc.
{Citigroup Oct 16, 2005 Plutonomy Report Part 1}
- Equity risk premium embedded in "global imbalances" are unwarranted.
In plutonomies the rich absorb a disproportionate chunk of the economy and have a massive impact on reported aggregate numbers like savings rates, current account deficits, consumption levels, etc.
{Citigroup Oct 16, 2005 Plutonomy Report Part 1}
by Abu Yahya July 10, 2010
(FINANCE) create a call option that allows the future owner to buy a set number of shares of an underlying stock at a fixed strike price. May also be for traded items other than stock. The writer of a call option is both the counterparty and the originator of the derivative.
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A call option is a product that allows an investor to take a long position on a stock without actually owning it; if the underlying stock rises in value, the call option rises a lot more. The increased potential windfall is offset by the much greater likelihood that the investor will lose the entire initial investment.
The writer of the option is presumed to own the thing offered for sale; if the price of the underlying stock rises above the strike price, then the owner of the option will presumably exercise it and pocket the profit. Thus, there is a risk to the writer of the option that all of the profits from owning the stock will go to the buyer of the option. This risk is offset by the fees the writer charges for the option.
In some cases, a speculator may write an option for shares of stock that she does not own. This is particularly risky, since the price of the underlying stock could rise above the strike price, forcing the writer to buy the shares at a high price in order to sell them at a low price.
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A call option is a product that allows an investor to take a long position on a stock without actually owning it; if the underlying stock rises in value, the call option rises a lot more. The increased potential windfall is offset by the much greater likelihood that the investor will lose the entire initial investment.
The writer of the option is presumed to own the thing offered for sale; if the price of the underlying stock rises above the strike price, then the owner of the option will presumably exercise it and pocket the profit. Thus, there is a risk to the writer of the option that all of the profits from owning the stock will go to the buyer of the option. This risk is offset by the fees the writer charges for the option.
In some cases, a speculator may write an option for shares of stock that she does not own. This is particularly risky, since the price of the underlying stock could rise above the strike price, forcing the writer to buy the shares at a high price in order to sell them at a low price.
ANNA: See, here we can see management has totally screwed up. The share price is going to fall, so we should write a call.
BILL: But we don't own any shares of their stock!
ANNA: Yes, I pity the fool who buys our options!
BILL: But we don't own any shares of their stock!
ANNA: Yes, I pity the fool who buys our options!
by Abu Yahya April 05, 2010