Definitions by Doc_B
Psychotic depression
A symptomatic complex in-which psychotic features, as they are defined today (i.e., delusions and hallucinations), emerge within an episode of depression. When psychotic features occur in a depressive episode of unipolar clinical (major) depression or bipolar disorder, the depression is typically severe and the psychotic features mood-congruent (i.e., depressive-themed), e.g., voices from the bottomless chasm of hell condemning the patient or urging them on to suicide, depressive delusions (e.g., of nihilism, poverty and/or well-deserved persecution, which, unlike the persecutory ideation of the paranoid schizophrene, is felt as deserved and a suitable punishment for their sins, rather than an unfair targeting by the CIA). In the context of schizoaffective disorder wherein depressive episodes occur, the psychosis is less inherently mood-congruent.
(Psychotic depression.) The fact that depression, when severe, can be psychotic and even (more-so than in schizophrenia these days) catatonic is a fact that’s well-known to people who truly know what severe depression is but often unknown or brushed down in casual discourse about depression, among GPs, pharmacists (who tend to deal with what can be standardised on a more generic primary-care level, so typically mild) and even psychology-teachers. By the time we’re talking irreversible MAOIs, electroconvulsive therapy (unfairly stigmatised), Cotard’s syndrome and catatonic stupor, this is no-longer ‘the common cold (not even ’flu., still) of psychological problems’ that people who don’t know any better attribute depression to, out of ignorance, while simultaneously highlighting that schizophrenia is the psychological equivalent of cancer. Severe depression, psychotic or not, is often described as a kind of suffering worse than cancer in people who have suffered from both illnesses.
Psychotic depression by Doc_B February 5, 2026
Psychotic depression
A symptomatic complex in-which psychotic features (delusions and/or hallucinations) emerge during an episode of depression, typically (when they occur in the context of major, unipolar, depression and bipolar disorder) severe episodes. In these cases, they also tend to be mood-congruent and depressively-themed in their very-nature (delusions of nihilism, poverty and well-deserved persecution, voices condemning the patient from the pits of hell or urging them on to suicide). They also naturally occur in the depression of schizoaffective disorder but are herein bounded by less inherent mood-congruence.
Psychotic depression is a direct example of how the suffering of severe depression (not just the vague ‘anxiety-depression xx’ misnomer) can exceed that of cancer. A big thumbs-up to people who liken depression (only going by mild depression as the cornerstone of reference) as the psychological equivalent of a cold (not even the ’flu., still), whereas schizophrenia be-like cancer. No. Severe depression can be psychotic and (more commonly than in schizophrenia these days) catatonic and feel worse than cancer. That’s a known fact to people who understand genuinely severe depression and aren’t susceptible to the psychiatric reductionism that minimises the severity of the spectrum of depression (and, albeit to a much, much lesser extent, bipolar disorder) up-against schizophrenia. By the time you’re talking irreversible MAOIS, electroconvulsive therapy (which is more commonly used for severe depression than any other severe psychiatric condition, even schizophrenia), you’re beyond a case of November-sniffles. And that’s a distinction that many GPs, pharmacists and psychology-teachers don’t even know exists.
Psychotic depression by Doc_B February 5, 2026
Reticent
Used as a descriptive term for someone who takes a moment to warm up in social situations they don’t really want to be in in the first place and prefers not to be spoken to, unless they’re extremely familiar with you.
John: ‘Megan was just sipping Bacardi juice at the back of the room all by herself at that party on Saturday night. She seemed to get on with Amber but she didn’t even utilise the opportunity to cling to that one voluntarily-imposing buddy all night. What on Earth’s wrong with her?’
Chizoba: ‘there’s nothing wrong with her; she’s just the reticent type. Some people are like that, enjoy their own company. She might not walk around glad-handing every new face that she doesn’t technically-need to interact with but once you get to know her and break past her reticence you’ll see that she’s actually a really nice gal. Some people need less social stimulation (outside their tight-knit circles, and even then there might well be limits) than others and that’s absolutely fine. All 7 billion of us can’t be exactly the same and have precisely the same wants and needs. People are different. You’ll realise that as you socially-mature.
Chizoba: ‘there’s nothing wrong with her; she’s just the reticent type. Some people are like that, enjoy their own company. She might not walk around glad-handing every new face that she doesn’t technically-need to interact with but once you get to know her and break past her reticence you’ll see that she’s actually a really nice gal. Some people need less social stimulation (outside their tight-knit circles, and even then there might well be limits) than others and that’s absolutely fine. All 7 billion of us can’t be exactly the same and have precisely the same wants and needs. People are different. You’ll realise that as you socially-mature.
Taciturn
Someone who isn’t particularly-socially-inclined (at all) and only talks when they have to. Restrained, reticent.
Person A: ‘I tried milking a few personal musings out of him as he was filling out his insurance form but I might as well have been talking to a log of ice. Is he just naturally quite introverted or is there something up with him?’
Person B: ‘no, he’s actually quite outgoing but he has a tendency to be quite taciturn around people who’s not that familiar with. He doesn’t do small-talk or say any more than he absolutely has to around people he doesn’t know that well but he’s not especially-introverted, nor does he dislike you, per se (I doubt it). He probably just doesn’t care to get to know you better.’
Person B: ‘no, he’s actually quite outgoing but he has a tendency to be quite taciturn around people who’s not that familiar with. He doesn’t do small-talk or say any more than he absolutely has to around people he doesn’t know that well but he’s not especially-introverted, nor does he dislike you, per se (I doubt it). He probably just doesn’t care to get to know you better.’
Bipolar affective disorder
A serious mental illness marked by violent and wild oscillations between extreme euphoria or irritability (mania) and deep depression. Although it is technically classified as a mood disorder, it is one of the few psychiatric conditions in which psychosis occurs; it is usually associated with severe manic states but profound depression may also cause delusions and hallucinations to emerge. The psychotic features are usually mood-congruent, e.g., believing oneself to be Jesus Christ and Lucifer for mania and depression respectively. It's an illness of extreme opposites in mood, thinking and energy levels and a severe mental disorder that, at least in its classic form, goes infinitely beyond what mentally healthy people experience and most certainly not to be trivialised. It is also worth noting that the mood swings associated with this disease are sustained and typically last weeks or months, years in the most extreme cases. Ultra-ultra rapid cycling (extreme mood shifts in a day) is exceedingly rare.
Bipolar affective disorder is a severe mental illness that in its most acute form is potentially worse than schizophrenia.
Bipolar affective disorder by Doc_B May 4, 2015
Mania
A state of mental and physical overactivity characterised by pressured speech, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, extreme irritability or elation and, not infrequently, delusions and hallucinations (i.e., psychosis). It is most commonly associated with bipolar disorder, a serious mental condition in which sufferers alternate between mania and depression.
Psychosis
A form of severe mental disturbance marked by loss of contact with reality, as manifest by the presence of delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (e.g., hearing voices which do not exist). Usually associated with serious psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.