blood quantum was first introduced in 1705 by the Colony of Virginia, which adopted the “Indian Blood law.” This law was used to reduce the civil rights of Aboriginal people with or greater blood quantum. At this time, blood quantum, in part, was based on what White settlers saw before them, such as the darkness of a person’s skin. It was not based on the rules Tribal Nations had established for themselves to determine membership.
Over time, the use of blood quantum evolved as a way to determine whether aboriginal people were “Indian enough” to be eligible for certain land, goods, or services from the US government. This use of blood quantum developed because Tribal Nations signed treaties with the US government (and colonial leaders), where they agreed to share the land with the White settlers in exchange for healthcare, education, housing, and other rights.
Tribes did not start to use blood quantum to determine membership until 1934 when the US government introduced the Indian Reorganization Act.
problems with using blood quantum to decide who is considered a tribal member. For example, blood quantum doesn’t define one’s Indigeneity (how aboriginal you are). Rather, blood quantum, back to its origins, is based on racist ideas about what makes someone aboriginal. However, many people use it to exclude others, enact lateral violence, and make them feel like they aren’t “Indian enough.”
Over time, the use of blood quantum evolved as a way to determine whether aboriginal people were “Indian enough” to be eligible for certain land, goods, or services from the US government. This use of blood quantum developed because Tribal Nations signed treaties with the US government (and colonial leaders), where they agreed to share the land with the White settlers in exchange for healthcare, education, housing, and other rights.
Tribes did not start to use blood quantum to determine membership until 1934 when the US government introduced the Indian Reorganization Act.
problems with using blood quantum to decide who is considered a tribal member. For example, blood quantum doesn’t define one’s Indigeneity (how aboriginal you are). Rather, blood quantum, back to its origins, is based on racist ideas about what makes someone aboriginal. However, many people use it to exclude others, enact lateral violence, and make them feel like they aren’t “Indian enough.”
blood quantum way of determining tribal members is not traditional. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, tribal membership, for the most part, was based on kinship, and matrilineal and/or patrilineal descent. However, tribes also considered different factors. For example, it was common for communities to decide someone’s membership based on the individual’s relationship to and involvement in the community. It was also common for tribes to adopt non-native allies and friends into a tribe, or banished individuals from a tribe for committing crimes that negatively impacted the community.
Tribal Nations have the right as self-governing nations, to choose how they define tribal membership. However, many tribes, possibly without realizing the full impact, adopted blood quantum as the defining factor for membership. This is why we see different membership rules for different Tribal Nations today. That being said, there are efforts to return to traditional ways of determining membership, including rejecting the concept of blood quantum and relying upon lineal descent and other factors.
The idea of using blood quantum to determine tribal membership was developed by government officials as a way of releasing the US government from their treaty obligations to Aboriginal peoples. The idea was that over time, as aboriginal people intermixed with non-aborigine people, they would become extinct.
Tribal Nations have the right as self-governing nations, to choose how they define tribal membership. However, many tribes, possibly without realizing the full impact, adopted blood quantum as the defining factor for membership. This is why we see different membership rules for different Tribal Nations today. That being said, there are efforts to return to traditional ways of determining membership, including rejecting the concept of blood quantum and relying upon lineal descent and other factors.
The idea of using blood quantum to determine tribal membership was developed by government officials as a way of releasing the US government from their treaty obligations to Aboriginal peoples. The idea was that over time, as aboriginal people intermixed with non-aborigine people, they would become extinct.
by Desert flower September 27, 2023
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Get the finish quantum mug.The "hold my beer" frontier of science where the normal rules are suggestions and everything is weird. This goes beyond standard quantum mechanics to include theories and hypothetical states like quantum entanglement for communication, quantum superposition of macroscopic objects, quantum tunneling on a usable scale, and manipulating quantum spin fields. It's the toolbox for technologies that look like magic: teleportation, cloaking devices, perception filters, and computers that calculate in alternate realities. It's where physics meets philosophy and engineers have nervous breakdowns.
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by Dumuabzu January 29, 2026
Get the Exotic Quantum Physics mug.The integration of quantum mechanics with spacetime, treating quantum phenomena as occurring within the four-dimensional fabric of relativity. In spacetime quantum mechanics, particles are not point-like objects moving through time but four-dimensional worldlines with quantum properties—they exist in superpositions across spacetime, entangle across distances without signal, and pop in and out of existence in ways that respect relativistic causality. This framework is the foundation of quantum field theory, where particles are excitations of fields that permeate spacetime, and where the vacuum itself is alive with virtual particles. Spacetime quantum mechanics explains why empty space isn't really empty, why particles can appear from nowhere (briefly), and why the universe at its smallest scales is a frothing, probabilistic mess.
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Get the Spacetime Quantum Mechanics mug.The integration of quantum mechanics with the multiverse, treating quantum phenomena as interactions across different universes within the multiverse. In this framework—closely related to the many-worlds interpretation—superposition is not a single particle in multiple states but multiple universes diverging, each with the particle in one state. Entanglement is not spooky action at a distance but connections across universes. Measurement is not collapse but branching—the universe splitting into copies, each with a different outcome. Multiverse quantum mechanics explains why quantum phenomena seem probabilistic: we only experience one branch, but all branches exist. The theory is elegant, deterministic, and ontologically extravagant—it solves the measurement problem by multiplying universes.
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Get the Multiverse Quantum Mechanics mug.A speculative extension of quantum mechanics beyond our observable universe—proposing that quantum laws might differ in outer spacetime regions, or that quantum mechanics itself is relative to the quantum vacuum of a particular universe. Outer Quantum Mechanics suggests that superposition, entanglement, and measurement might be local phenomena, and that outer regions could have entirely different quantum behaviors. It's quantum mechanics meets the multiverse: different universes, different quanta.
"Quantum mechanics works here—but does it work everywhere? Outer Quantum Mechanics Theory asks: maybe different spacetimes have different quanta. Superposition here might be determinism there. The quantum isn't universal; it's local. Outer quantum: the same word, different worlds."
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