Unequal application of scientific doubt: demanding overwhelming proof from scholars of color about structural racism, while accepting weak evidence for racial deficit theories.
Example: "Where's your RCT proving police bias?" But when a paper suggests a genetic basis for IQ gaps, same reviewer says, "
Interestingâneeds more study."
Evidence-based Racism
Using systematic reviews, clinical algorithms, and risk assessments that treat race as a biological proxy, producing racially biased outcomes with scientific authority.
Example: A
kidney function algorithm automatically adjusts results for "Black race," delaying transplant referrals for Black patients. It's published in a top medical journal.
Empirical Racism
The smug belief that if you can count it and run statistics on it, it must be
objective truthâignoring that categories, sampling, and questions were shaped by colonial racism.
Example: "But the arrest data clearly show more Black crime. I'm just following the numbers." Never mind that policing targets Black
neighborhoods. Math-shaped bigotry.
Skeptical Racism
Applying extreme, asymmetrical scrutiny to claims benefiting racialized groups while granting easy credulity to claims benefiting whiteness.
Example: Demanding DNA proof for African origins of Egypt but accepting "Dynastic Race Theory" with zero genetic evidenceâskepticism reserved for Black claims.
Evidence-based Racism
Selectively deploying empirical data to construct racial hierarchies,
ignoring contradictory evidence and weaponizing the language of evidence-based practice.
Example: Citing one genetic study suggesting Near Eastern admixture in late-period mummies as "proof Egyptians weren't African," while downplaying same study's Nubian affinities.
Empirical Racism
The demand that only quantifiable, measurable data counts as knowledge, defined in ways that exclude non-Western realities, then using that absence as proof of
inferiority.
Example: Dismissing African
astronomical knowledge because no written records exist, while ignoring that their knowledge was oralâempiricism as a racial gatekeeper.