(MULTILATERAL GOVERNMENT)
International court based in the Hague, the Netherlands; founded in 1889; oldest multilateral court. In some respects, a precursor to the
International Court of Justice (also in the Hague--in the same building, the Peace Palace).
The PCA differs from the ICJ in that only national governments may be respondents in the ICJ (which operates like a civil court). The PCA settles disputes that may arise between a
private party (such as RCA, in RCA vs. China-1935) and a national government, or between national governments. Parties submit to the PCA when the dispute is a nuisance to both, but relevant laws are uncertain.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration has a three-part organizational structure consisting of an Administrative Council that oversees its policies and budgets, a panel of
independent potential arbitrators known as the Members of the Court, and its
Secretariat, known as the
International Bureau, headed by the Secretary-General.