A framework examining the infrastructure that underlies technology itself—the systems, standards, resources, and conditions that
make technological development possible. Infratechnology asks not just how technologies work but what must be in place for them to exist: material resources (minerals,
energy, manufacturing capacity),
knowledge systems (scientific understanding,
engineering practices, technical skills), institutional arrangements (patent systems, standards bodies, regulatory frameworks), and social conditions (markets, labor, cultural acceptance). It also examines how this infrastructure shapes technological development—why certain technologies emerge when and where they do, why some paths are
taken and others foreclosed, how infrastructure creates path dependencies that shape entire technological trajectories. Infratechnology reveals that technologies
don't emerge from nowhere; they emerge from infrastructure, and understanding technology requires understanding the ground from which it grows.
Example: "Her infratechnology analysis showed how the smartphone depended on infrastructure most users never see: rare
earth mining, global supply chains, cellular networks, operating systems, app stores, and the labor of millions. The phone is just the
tip of an infrastructural
iceberg."
