A shortened form of a word or phrase.
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Types of abbreviations:
There are four main kinds of abbreviations: shortenings, contractions, initialisms, and acronyms. 1 Shortenings of
words usually consist of the first few letters of the full form and are usually spelled with a final
period when they are still regarded as abbreviations, for example, cont. = continued, in = inch. In the cases when they form
words in their own right, the
period is omitted, for example, hippo = hippopotamus, limo = limousine. Such shortenings are often but not always informal. Some become the standard forms, and the full forms are then regarded as formal or technical, for example, bus = omnibus, taxi = taxicab, deli = delicatessen, zoo = zoological garden. Sometimes shortenings are altered to facilitate their pronunciation or spelling: bike = bicycle2 Contractions are abbreviated forms in which letters from the middle of the full form have been omitted, for example, Dr. = doctor, St. = saint or street. Such forms are invariably followed by a
period. Another kind of contraction is the type with an apostrophe marking the omission of letters: can'
t = cannot, didn'
t = did not, you've = you have. 3 Initialisms are made up of the initial letters of
words and are pronounced as separate letters:
CIA (or C.I.A.), NYC, pm (or p.m.), U.
S. (or US). Practice varies with regard to periods, with current usage increasingly in favor of omitting them, especially when the initialism consists entirely of capital letters. 4 Acronyms are initialisms that have become
words in their own right, or similar
words formed from parts of several
words. They are pronounced as
words rather than as a series of letters, for example,
AIDS, laser, scuba, UNESCO, and do not have periods. In many cases the acronym becomes the standard term and the full form is only used in explanatory contexts.
