Trilobites (/ˈtraɪləˌbaɪts, ˈtrɪlə-/;456 meaning "three-lobed entities") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. One of the earliest groups of arthropods to appear in the fossil record, trilobites were among the most
successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 270 million years, with over 22,
000 species having been described. Because trilobites had wide diversity and an easily
fossilized mineralised exoskeleton made of calcite, they left an extensive fossil record. The study of their fossils has facilitated important contributions to biostratigraphy, paleontology, evolutionary biology, and plate tectonics. Trilobites are placed within the clade Artiopoda, which includes many organisms that are morphologically similar to trilobites, but are largely unmineralised. The
relationship of Artiopoda to other arthropods is uncertain.