A Slavic and Ashkenazic Jewish surname meaning "new" (e.g., "Novy"), "Nov-ak" could also be a play on "Nov akh" or "frutiful brother" (Hebrew).
Bearers of the "Novak" surname include actress Kim Novak (who took "Novak" as her stagename), columnist and cancer victim Robert Novak, the psychotic astronaut and honorably-discharged Navy servicewoman Lisa Nowak, and Marysia "Maria" Novakova Rusnakova (1855-c. 1907) -- who was married to Jakub Rusnak (a member of the late Kosice, Slovakia Jewish Rusnaks) and was the paternal grandmother of Sgt. and Veterans of Foreign Wars Commander Carl Stephen Rusnak (January 2, 1922 - November 7, 1999; US Army, WW2, European Theater, honorably discharged after the war). By the way, Maria's relative Leopold Novak was an early victim of the Holocaust in then-Czechoslovakian Zlata Idka: he was murdered in a then-Aranydka mine in 1936.
An Ethnically-Patrilineal and/or -Matrilineal Jew who believes that the historical Jesus of Nazareth (Yeshua HaNotzri) is the Messiah and that the New Testament is a part of TaNaKH(i.e., Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim, Hadashah-- literally "New" or "News").
The term comes from a Messianic Jewish organization founded by the late Moishe (ne Martin, 1932-2010) and Celia Starr Rosen. Called "Jews for Jesus", the organization is a 501(c)3 Messianic Jewish ministry which is often targeted for vile persecution by groups such as the Antimissionary organization Jews for Judaism.
Figurative for a hard-driven person with a mean streak.
An infamous nun in the Seton Keough community in Baltimore County, Maryland was actually called "Hell on Wheels"-- because of her name (Sister Helen Mercedes, which was obviously to pun) and her reputation for cruelty toward students at Seton Keough High School (which was two separate schools while "Hell on Wheels" was there).
The head caste in Ancient and future Israel, the koheinim (priests) are Levi'im (Levites) who are descended from Aharon ben-Amram-v'Yokheved HaLevi.
"Cohen" is a variant of "Kohein". In turn, "Cohen" has variants such as "Katz" ("Kohan Tzedek", as in Phoebe Katz (Cates) Klein), "Kagan" or "Kajan" (variants of "Kahan" or "Kahane"; as in Associate SCOTUS Justice Elena Kagan), "Kohn" and "Kahn" (as in John Kohn (changed to Kerry by his granddad, Fritz Kohn)), and "Cohan" (a variant of "Kohein" not to be confused with the variant for the Irish "Keohane", though that may have some, if any, origins among koheinim based in Ireland).
An Ashkenazic Jewish and Slavic surname, "Czernikowski" (pronounced "T'sh-er-nee-kov-skee") is a name related to "Black" ("Czarny" or "Czarna") or a place name (e.g., "Czarnia" for the Czarna or Czarnia River in Northeastern Poland).
Unfortunately, a number of Holocaust victims bore the name "Czernikowski" (according to YadVashem.org). The Czernikowski family often cited by Yad Vashem seems to come from the Lodz and Kielce, Poland regions (among other places).
Also "Counter Missionary", "Antimissionary" denotes an individual Non-Messianic Jew or gentile (i.e., a Jew or gentile who is not a Christian) who will delibarately go out of his or her way to persecute Christians-- in particular, Jewish Christians.
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