Immanuel Kant's epistemological philosophical system which holds that space and time are not properties of independent real things in themselves, but are rather a priori intuitions possessed by our minds, and everything we perceive is subject to this space and time intuition. However, as opposed to George Berkeley's subjective idealism which holds that nothing exists outside the mind, Kant's transcendental idealism accepts the existence of external objects independent of our mind but distinguishes between noumena (things-in-themselves as they actually are) and phenomena (things as we perceive them), we can only Intuit the phenomena (or the appearance of the object) from the noumena (which we can never directly perceive). Thus Kant acknowledges that while we can never know the noumena, the phenomena sufficiently conform to our concepts of them and that in order to make sense of the empirical world, we must presuppose transcendentally a consciousness that unites intuitions under concepts.
Transcendental Idealism has had important influence on the development of philosophy in general and German Idealism in particular
by Stalin's Pipe August 8, 2021