The problem of self-enforcement: The legal system's authority ultimately rests on the threat of state violence (police, prisons). But what legitimizes that violence? The law itself. This is a circular justification: the law is right because the law says it's right, and it will punish you if you disagree. The hard problem is that the system cannot provide a non-coercive, non-circular foundation for its own power. It assumes its legitimacy, and that assumption is backed by force. Any attempt to question the system's foundations from within is met with procedures defined by the very system being questioned.
Example: You are on trial. You argue the law is unjust. The judge says, "That's not a legal argument." You argue the court has no jurisdiction. The judge cites laws granting jurisdiction. You refuse to recognize the court. You are held in contempt—a charge defined by the court's own rules. The hard problem: The legal system is a closed loop. Its validity is a social agreement reinforced by its own operational success and monopoly on legitimate violence. To stand outside it and demand justification is to invite its force, not its reason. It is the ultimate "because I said so" backed by handcuffs. Hard Problem of the Legal System.
by Enkigal January 24, 2026
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