Clausewitz was a Prussian soldier, military historian, a prominent thinker, and a military theorist. He is most famous for his military treatise Vom Kriege, translated into
English as On War. He stated that warfare is a human activity and therefore it is imperfect, thus it cannot be broken down into a narrow
set of rules. He also stated that war and battle are filled with the unexpected. He called these unplanned variables and surprises, "friction.” Only the general who had the
genius for flexibility and strategy could minimize the impact of friction, but not completely. He suggested that war was not
end itself, but rather a means to an end. Clausewitz also believed that the more serious the objective, the more serious the soldier’s mindset would become, resulting in more violence and bloodshed during a battle. One of his central themes is focusing on the opponents “center of
gravity.” The center of
gravity could be the enemy’s armed forces, or it could be public
opinion depending on the nature and objectives of the war. Just
like Jomini, Clausewitz preferred the offensive instead of the defensive. He also said that the best general was the one who remained calm during the chaos of a battle.
