A framework that examines the different overarching models we have for understanding metacognition—our ability to think about our own thinking. Competing paradigms might view metacognition as: a central executive function in a computer-like brain, an emergent property of distributed neural processes, or a socially constructed skill learned through dialogue. Your metacognitive paradigm dictates how you try to improve thinking, whether through brain training, meditation, or social critique.
Metacognitive Paradigm Theory Example: A self-help guru teaching "mindfulness" operates in a Metacognitive Paradigm that sees thought as a stream to be observed non-judgmentally. A cognitive therapist teaching clients to identify "cognitive distortions" operates in a paradigm that sees thought as a set of propositions to be logically analyzed. They're both doing metacognition, but from fundamentally different theoretical starting points.
by Abzugal Nammugal Enkigal February 4, 2026
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