Much like a hitler but used with seamen, creating the illusion of a white mustache

The history of ska music is interesting as since its birth ska has continued to develop into many different styles. In forty years ska has enjoyed three waves of popularity around the world. This essay attempts to trace ska music's history, the roots, the birth, the styles and, hopefully will offer you some interesting facts.

EARLY JAMAICAN CULTURE
To fully understand the origins of ska and trace its unique musical elements we must understand some important parts of Jamaican history. The island of Jamaica was first visited by Europeans in 1494 by Columbus. The British won the right to colonize and began shipping slaves from the west coast of Africa to work on newly set up plantations. By 1807 there were over two million Africans in Jamaica working on English plantations in the most brutal systems of slavery in the world.

The slaves tried hard to hold on to their African philosophy and established their own system of beliefs and values in their slave communities. Some forms of African music, such as the Burru were allowed by the white masters who believed it would help the slaves to work faster. At times the slave musicians were also called upon to entertain the white masters. The type of entertainment provided by the slave musicians followed a carnival tradition and allowed the oppressed performers to dress and act like kings, queens, lords and ladies for the amusement of the white masters. In the 1960's this tradition was continued by performers who adopted royal t...

Hardcore is a genre of music that originated in the UK in the early 80's. Hardcore events, known as Raves took place in fields, houses, clubs and warehouses throughout the UK. The police and government discouraged Raves due the large drug and alcohol consumption although could not control the spread of the phenomenon. Unfortunately for the Government and the police their attempt to squash the Hardcore scene failed, resulting in high-ticket prices for venues being rented especially for Raves. It is believed that over 40% of Rave ticket prices are a direct tax form the government, although this has not discouraged true and loyal Raves. This is evident in recent Raves that are often sold out within a few weeks of tickets being available.

Over the years Hardcore has evolved into a huge underground network. Most big cities in the UK have Hardcore connections, most noticeably the south coast (Southampton, Bournemouth and Portsmouth) other northern cities such as Birmingham, Bristol and Nottingham also has underground links with Hardcore. Hardcore has massively evolved since the 80's becoming faster, louder and harder than ever. Hardcore has become noticeably more popular in the 21st century.

The use of alcohol and drugs are a major factor on the Hardcore scene, drugs such as ecstasy, cocaine and MDMA are often associated with Hardcore and the Hardcore scene. The up-tempo beat and melody of the music attracts a variety of different ages, mostly the younger generation, altho...

Voted the Best Small Town in CT, Redding retains authenticity in the face of prevalent mini-mansion developments found in the rest of fairfield county. Looking for a gas station, restaurant, or ATM? Good luck. Roads rarely accomodate two cars at one time, but this doesn't stop us from pushing 60 mph. Although a percentage of adolescents attend private school, most of the youth in Redding develop their drinking stamina in the grips of public school. It's safe to say that most Barlow students have tried most drugs by highschool graduation. Kids have known eachother since their requisite involvement in youth soccer or lacrosse, and your best friend's dad was the coach. "Best car" in highschool was awarded to a super-expensive SUV, but the car you loved the most were your friends' old school volvos and you mostly traveled around in hoardes of Jeeps. We push drunkenness beyond all social acceptability, and listen to music that you will never hear on the radio. Popularity is a meritocracy; interesting people reign. Also, we're proud to be from a blue state and while the rest of Fairfield County voted for Bush, we were Kerry all the way. See you at the late night funk party!

One of the most praised of tropical fruits, and certainly the most esteemed fruit in the family Guttiferae, the mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., is almost universally known or heard of by this name. There are numerous variations in nomenclature: among Spanish-speaking people, it is called mangostan; to the French, it is mangostanier, mangoustanier, mangouste or mangostier; in Portuguese, it is mangostao, mangosta or mangusta; in Dutch, it is manggis or manggistan; in Vietnamese, mang cut; in Malaya, it may be referred to in any of these languages or by the local terms, mesetor, semetah, or sementah; in the Philippines, it is mangis or mangostan. Throughout the Malay Archipelago, there are many different spellings of names similar to most of the above.

The mangosteen tree is very slow-growing, erect, with a pyramidal crown; attains 20 to 82 ft (6-25 m) in height, has dark-brown or nearly black, flaking bark, the inner bark containing much yellow, gummy, bitter latex. The evergreen, opposite, short-stalked leaves are ovate-oblong or elliptic, leathery and thick, dark-green, slightly glossy above, yellowish-green and dull beneath; 3 1/2 to 10 in (9-25 cm) long, 1 3/4 to 4 in (4.5-10 cm) wide, with conspicuous, pale midrib. New leaves are rosy. Flowers, 1 1/2 to 2 in (4-5 cm) wide and fleshy, may be male or hermaphrodite on the same tree. The former are in clusters of 3-9 at the branch tips; there are 4 sepals and 4 ovate, thick, fleshy petals, green with red spots on th...

The latest trend among hipsters and indie kids in the UK. Hipster skinheads are young (usually middle class) people who take influence from '70s and '80s British skinhead fashion. They typically wear polo shirts or plaid/checked shirts buttoned up to the top, along with skinny jeans, Dr. Martens or Converse high tops and perhaps a military jacket. An important accesory is a pair of braces (known in the US as suspenders) to hold the jeans up. Hipster skinheads often have the back and sides of their head shaved, leaving the top long, although some have their head completely shaved.

Apart from dress sense, there are few other common features between hipster skinheads. Many listen to hardcore punk: both from the newer wave of bands that have recently received some popularity with the indie press (such as Gallows, Fucked Up and Rolo Tomassi); and also cla...

Few bands embodied the pure excess of the '70s like Queen. Embracing the exaggerated pomp of prog rock and heavy metal, as well as vaudevillian music hall, the British quartet delved deeply into camp and bombast, creating a huge, mock-operatic sound with layered guitars and overdubbed vocals. Queen's music was a bizarre yet highly accessible fusion of the macho and the fey. For years, their albums boasted the motto "no synthesizers were used on this record," signaling their allegiance with the legions of post-Led Zeppelin hard rock bands. But vocalist Freddie Mercury brought an extravagant sense of camp to the band, pushing them toward kitschy humor and pseudo-classical arrangements, as epitomized on their best-known song, "Bohemian Rhapsody." Mercury, it must be said, was a flamboyant bisexual who managed to keep his sexuality in the closet until his death from AIDS in 1992. Nevertheless, his sexuality was apparent throughout Queen's music, from their very name to their veiled lyrics -- it was truly bizarre to hear gay anthems like "We Are the Champions" turn into celebrations of sports victories. That would have been impossible without Mercury, one of the most dynamic and charismatic frontmen in rock history. Through his legendary theatrical performances, Queen became one of the most popular bands in the world in the mid-'70s; in England, they remained second only to the Beatles in popularity and collectibility in the '90s. Despite their enormous popularity, Queen were n...