A ideology and philosophy first coined by Peter Kropotkin in Conquest of Bread. It is the idea of a society based around a loosely connected of free-association communes based off of a gift economy. Anarchism being a ideology rejecting heirarchial government and authority in favor of free-associations and Communism being an economic philosophy promoting economic equality. Anarchist Communism is, but one idea regarding the economic structure of an anarchist thought, other ideologies include Anarchist Syndicalism, Anarchist Capitalism, Anarchist Collectivism, and Anarchist Individualism and others.

Anarchist Communism was a prominent ideology in the American anarchist movement in the early 1900s with prominent thinkers such as Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. Earlier Anarchists who could be identified as Anarchist Communists included Dyer D. Lum, August Spies, and many of the Haymarket Martyrs who were executed as a result of the Haymarket Riots in 1886.

Anarchist Communism as an active and serious ideology in recent years especially after the USSR persecuted a...